Social Psychology Research

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship of thin ideal internalization with body dissatisfaction with mediating role of social comparison.
Method: 351 female undergraduate students of Kashan University who were selected by simple random sampling method participated in this research. In order to collect data the Iowa-Netherlands comparison orientation measure (INCOM), Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised (PACS-R), Ideal Body Stereotype Scale-Revised (IBIS-R) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were used. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and SPSS-21 and AMOS-21 software packages.
Results: The findings indicated that the model fitted the data relatively proper. Better fit and more meaningful results were obtained through correlating the errors of one path. The results also showed that there are significant relationships between the thin ideal internalization and social comparison (both general and appearance-related), and between social comparison (both general and appearance-related) and body dissatisfaction. The findings also supported the mediating role of appearance-related social comparison in the relationship of thin ideal internalization with body dissatisfaction.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, considering the causal factors regarding thin ideal internalization and appearance-related social comparison could be beneficial in prevention of body dissatisfaction.

Abstract Introduction: Witnessing workplace incivility is a relatively new construct. The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of some outcomes of witnessing workplace incivility
Method: Statistical population included all employees of National Iranian Drilling Company (NIDC). From this population 221 employees were selected by stratified random sampling method. The instruments used in the study consisted of witnessing workplace incivility (Cortina et al., 2001), emotion regulation (Niven et al., 2011), negative affect (Watson et al., 1988), emotional exhaustion (Maslach & Jackson, 1981) Job satisfaction (Andrews and Whitey, 1976), work-job withdrawal (Hanisch & Hulin, 1990), and hostility ideation (Greenglass & Julkunen, 1989). The proposed model was analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with using SPSS-22 and AMOS-22 software packages.
Results: Results indicated that the proposed model fitted the data relatively proper. Better fit and more meaningful results were obtained by omitting one non-significant path (emotion regulation to emotional exhaustion) and using item parceling method. Findings also showed that witnessing workplace incivility had significant relationships with emotion regulation, negative affect, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, work-job withdrawal, and hostility ideation. The meditating role of emotion regulation and negative affect on the relationships of witnessing workplace incivility with emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, work-job withdrawal, and hostility ideation was confirmed.
Conclusion: based on the results regarding detrimental outcomes of witnessing workplace incivility, the managers should have specific attention to this issue.