Social Psychology Research

Abstract Introduction: In this research the relationship between death anxiety with unhealthy values and aspirations (wealth, fame, attractiveness, conformity, hedonism) are examined under two studies. Method: First study is descriptive and correlational. 457 students were selected by convenience sampling method and completed the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) and Aspiration Index (AI). In the second study that is experimental and by posttest with control group design. 204 students were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (reminding own death + extrinsic aspirations, conformity and hedonism), one control group (reminding topic unrelated to own death).By using the task of called death-related thoughts and the Aspiration Index tested the effect of remind of death on the unhealthy values among them. Results: In the first study a positive association between importance of attractiveness, conformity and hedonism with death anxiety and its subscales was observed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of MANOVA in the second study showed that mortality salience decreased importance of unhealthy values in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Also, the effectiveness of mortality salience on importance of attractiveness and hedonism was meaningful. Conclusion: The results discussed in accordance with the principles of humanistic and existential schools and two contemporary theories in the field of social and personality psychology namely Self-Determination Theory and Terror Management Theory.

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sexism eventson on womens job performance with moderating role of psychological hardiness and resiliency. Method: The statistical population was all of female employees of Shahid Chamran University. 230 employees were selected from the population by simple random sampling method. The instruments used in this study include Schedule of Sexist Events (Klonoff, & Landrine, 1995), job performanc (Paterson, 1922), psychological hardiness (Kyamrsy, Najarian, & Mehrabizadeh, 1999) and resiliency (Connor, & Davidson, 2003) questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficient and moderating regression analysis used for data analysis. Results: The results of the regression analysis showed that Sexism Events predicted womens job performance. In addition, psychological hardiness and resiliency moderated the relationship between job performance and Sexism Events. Conclusion: So, given that psychological hardiness and resiliency are trainable variables, training programs suggested to develop these two variables.

Abstract Introduction: This study was a comparative study of single and married people’s attitudes toward marriage function. Method: The method of this study was qualitative research through content analysis. The sample contained 238 married and single people that were selected by convenience and purposive sampling methods from Teheran. Data collected through an open question. Subjects’ responses analyzed by content analysis nonparametric chi-square test. Results: The subjects’ responses were categorized to 6 components of physical, psychological, social, economic, religious and spiritual functions. Comparing single and married men and women groups demonstrated significant differences in these categories. Single and married people’s opinions on marriage physiological function were consistent. Regarding psychological, social, and economic functions, opinions were not consistent. Single people mentioned these categories more than married people and married people mentioned religious and spiritual categories more than single people. Conclusion: People consider some functions and benefits for marriage and still have tendency toward it.

Abstract Introduction: this research has been carried out among drug-quitting addict women to study the effectiveness of self-encouragement training on social and psychological well-being. Method: This research is of semi-experimental kind accompanied by pretest – post-test and follow-up with an experimental group. The statistical universe includes 20 of addict women under, so 10 people were placed in experiment group randomly. Experiment group was exposed to a self-encouragement training for 10 sessions of 120 minutes. They were evaluated before and after training intervention by Kizz social well-being questionnaire (1998) and Reef psychological well-being questionnaire (1980) and then 3 months after training, again they were followed up. The data were analyzed by variance analysis test with repeated measurement and post test. Results: self-encouragement training showed a significant difference in social and psychological scales as compared with before training. Conclusion: self-encouragement training can greatly help to situation of social and psychological well-being of drug-quitting women.

Abstract Introduction: This study aims to determine the effect of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on social competence and emotional regulation in abused children. Method: This study designed as a Semi experimental study with pretest-posttest and a control group. A total of 26 abused children were selected by accessible sampling among Welfare Organization centers in Ahwaz and randomly assigned to two experimental (13) and control groups (13). Social Competence Inventory devised by Parandin (2008), and Garonvski’s Emotional Regulation Inventory (2007) were conducted before and after training. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. Results: Social competence variable in experimental group was significantly increased (p= 0/001). Also emotion regulation in experimental group in compare with control group was significantly increased (p= 0/001). Conclusions: Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy improves social competence and emotional regulation in children abused

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study is analysis and comparison of self-concept in dream and actual self in different identity styles among female high school students. Method: The study consists of two parts. The identity and self-concept data were gathered through surveys. In this regard, the Berzonsky Identity Style and Rogers Self-concept questionnaires have been used along with analysis of dream through content analysis and recent form (last dream form), examined by Damhaf. A total of 180 sample female high school students has been selected by multi stage cluster sampling. Collected data and essential information were analyzed using qualitative and inferential statistics methods. To examine the hypothesis of independent T and ANOVA, inferential statistics were used, while Hull / Vn‌Dy‌Ksl system has been applied to study the last dream form. Results: The findings indicated that among self-concept in dream traits, self negatively characteristic in both informative and diffuse / avoidant identity styles was significant (p= 0/01). But there was no significant difference in other self-concept among different identity styles. Conclusion: The results showed importance of self-concept in formation of identity and had theoretical and practical applications in the field of self-concept and identity.

Abstract Introduction: Given the increasing importance of using the Internet and virtual networks, its impact on lifestyle, and computability of this problem with a lot of mental and behavioral disorders, the present paper aims to study social anxiety in users of social and virtual networks. Method: This comparative study was carried out on a sample of 80 girl students and 99 boy students of high schools based on the multistage random cluster sampling. Young’s Internet Addiction Scale and Conover’s Social Phobia Inventory were used for data collection. The obtained data and information were statistically analyzed by the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results showed that between internet addiction and the use of cyberspace there is a significant positive correlation(r=0/50). The results of MANOVA also indicated a significant difference between three groups of normal users, risky users, and Internet addicts in the extent of social anxiety, fear of social situations (p=0/1, f=4/73), avoidance of social situations (p=0/02, f=6/53), physiological symptoms (p=0/03, f=3/57), Social anxiety disorder (p=0/002, f=6/48). Conclusion: These findings suggest the Internet addicts show the characteristics of people with social phobia more than normal users.