Moderating Effects of Positive and Negative Religious Coping on the relationship between Perceived Stress and Empathy
Abstract Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to explore the moderating effect of Positive and Negative Religious Coping on the relationship between Perceived stress and Empathy. Method: In this descriptive correlational study 193 boy students were selected of high school in khorramabad. Then the students completed Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE), and Basic Empathy Scale (BES). Results: Results revealed a significant meaningful relationship between stress and Empathy (β= -.74, p
Predict Social Anxiety Based on Attachment Type and Basic Psychological Needs
Abstract Introduction: The aim of this research was prediction of social anxiety based on attachment type and basic psychological needs Method: This was a descriptive Research based on prediction. The population was all students of Tehran University and 200 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling. They answered to questionnaires of adult attachment (AAIN), basic psychological needs (BNG-S) and social anxiety (SPIN). The data were analysed by logistic regression. Results: Regression analysis revealed that the dimensions of attachment type and basic needs can predict social anxiety. Conclusion: The results showed that secure dimensions of attachment type will negatively predict social anxiety and insecure dimensions of attachment type will positively predict social anxiety. Also with the increase of individual’s score in fundamental needs, the social anxiety will reduce and with the decrease of individual’s score, the social anxiety will increase.
Reliability, Validity, and Confirmatory Factor Structure of Persian Version of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS)
Abstract Introduction: Since social anxiety is one of prevalent psychological disorders, presence of appropriate instruments for assessing this disorder is necessary. The aim of this study was the investigation of reliability, validity, and confirmatory factor structure of Persian version of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Method: Persian version of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, after double translation and accordance with Iranian culture, was exerted on 453 student of Kharazmi university of Tehran, which have been selected through cluster sampling. Internal consistency and item rest correlations method was used for reliability testing, and confirmatory factor analysis, subscale correlations, and criterion validity were utilized for investigation of validity. Results: Chronbach’s alpha coefficients range (0.82 to 0.95) implies that Persian version of Liebowitz scale is internally consistent. Results of confirmatory factor analysis supported four factor structure (interaction anxiety and avoidance, and observation anxiety and avoidance) of scale. There were moderate significant correlations of Persian version of LSAS and Beck depression inventory, these might stem from comorbidity of these disorders. In addition, the correlation coefficients between subscales were high (0.70 to 0.96). Conclusion: Persian version of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale has good psychometric characteristics and can be used in different fields.
The Causal Model of Effects Spiritual and Moral Intelligence on Extramarital Relations Through Virtual Social Networks and Marital Satisfaction
Abstract Introduction: The results show that virtual networks could impair the health of families and the increase of extramarital relations. So the purpose of this study was to design and test the causal model of effects spiritual and moral intelligence on extramarital relations through virtual social networks and marital satisfaction. Method: The subjects of study were 250 who selected by convenience sampling. To collect data from Naseris Spiritual Intelligence, @@@s Moral Intelligence and Enrich Questionnaire were used. The research method was descriptive – correlation and for data analysis, SPSS and AMOS were used. Results: The data showed spiritual intelligence is a direct and significant effect on both marital satisfaction and extramarital relations. Also, moral intelligence only has a significant direct effect on marital satisfaction. The direct effect of marital satisfaction with extramarital relationship was not significant. But the direct effect relationship between the useing of social virtual networks with extramarital relationship was significant. In general, the data showed the proposed model by eliminating the need for reform and significant paths final model was fitted with RAMSE = 0/0002. Conclusion: The above results show that this model due attention to the important role of cultural and religious factors can track and fit with our culture in order to increase marital satisfaction and strength of family.
The study of Psychometric Characteristics of Internet Privacy Orientation Scale in Students
Abstract Introduction: The aim of this resaerch was study of psychometric characteristics of internet privacy orientation scale. Method: The study method was correlation that 400 students have been chosen as sample. The research instrument was multidimensional privacy orientation scale, Baruh, L., & Cemalcılar, Z. (2014). For analyzing data, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Results: Explanatory factor analysis showed that four factor structure of the questionnaire could explain 69.37 percent of total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis results shown that this scale indicates a good validity and reliability. And multidimensional privacy orientation scale model has good fitness and construct validity. Conclusion: The results indicated that this scale has good psychometric characteristics and can be used in Iranian population.
Prediction of Anxiety Sensitivity with Mediating Role of Mindfulness with Social Anxiety
Abstract Introduction: The present study aimed to investigation the relationship between anxiety sensitivity with mediating role of mindfulness with social anxiety in students. Method: The study was descriptive-correlational study and the population included 350 girl students from the city of Kermanshah based on cluster sampling method using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (deacon, 2002), Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A, Lajrsa, 1998) and the scale of Mindfulness Brown Vryan (2003). Results: The results indicated significant relationship between anxiety sensitivity and mindfulness, anxiety sensitivity and Social Anxiety, mindfulness and Social Anxiety (p
The Effectiveness of Theory of Mind Training on Empathy and Bullying in Children
Abstract Introduction: The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the theory of mind training on empathy and bullying in children. Method: The research design of the study was of Full-experimental type with pretest-posttest by control group. 36 preschool girls in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling. The random sample of 18 students in the experimental group and the control group were 18 children and their mothers were taken pre-test. The meetings theory of mind were applied on experimental group and both mother groups were taken posttest. The instruments used in this study were Empathy Questioner (EQ) and Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire Revised (OB/VQ-R).Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: Results showed a significant increase in the mean scores empathy and a significant decrease in subscales of bullying (001 / ≥p) scores of the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study showed that theory of mind training sessions can improve empathy and reduce bullying behaviors in children. So, theory of mind on moral emotions increase and improve behavior and social skills in children is effective.