Social Psychology
Hossein Tahmasby; Yadollah Khorramabadi
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction: This research was conducted to predict marital satisfaction based on extraversion, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness in married women.Method: A descriptive-correlation method of regression type was utilized in the current research. Using a multi-stage cluster random sampling ...
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AbstractIntroduction: This research was conducted to predict marital satisfaction based on extraversion, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness in married women.Method: A descriptive-correlation method of regression type was utilized in the current research. Using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a total of 840 married women residing in Lorestan province were selected. Data were collected using the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale, the NEO-FFI Questionnaire, the Marital Empathy Scale, and the Marital Forgiveness Scale as standard questionnaires. The collected data were checked and analyzed by SPSS software.Results: The coefficient of determination obtained from the multiple linear regression test was equal to 0.378, which shows that the model explains 37.8% of the changes in marital satisfaction. According to standard coefficients, extraversion, empathy, and forgiveness were significant predictors of marital satisfaction. From the findings, it can be concluded that extraversion, empathy, and forgiveness have a positive and favorable effect on marital satisfaction, such that one unit increase in extraversion, empathy, and forgiveness leads to an increase of 0.121, 0.255, and 0.421 units in marital satisfaction, respectively. The most important variable affecting marital satisfaction was forgiveness, followed by empathy, and extraversion.Conclusion: To strengthen the satisfaction of couples, especially women, it is suggested to organize educational programs that prioritize increasing knowledge of extraversion personality trait and strengthening positive traits such as empathy and forgiveness.
Social Psychology
karim abdolmohammadi; farhad ghadirey; ali mohammadzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: Cyber aggression is a new form of interpersonal violence among adolescents that can cause a lot of damage to their mental health, so it is necessary to address its underlying factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted to predict cyber aggression based on empathy, moral indifference, ...
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Introduction: Cyber aggression is a new form of interpersonal violence among adolescents that can cause a lot of damage to their mental health, so it is necessary to address its underlying factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted to predict cyber aggression based on empathy, moral indifference, and rumination of anger in adolescents.
Method: The research method was a correlational description. The statistical population of this research was all the students studying in the second-period boys' high schools in Tabriz in the academic year 2022-2023, and 395 people were selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method based on Morgan's sampling table. Anger rumination questionnaires (ARS), basic empathy scale, cyber aggression questionnaire for adolescents (CYBA), and moral indifference questionnaire were used in this research. The data were analyzed using the simultaneous regression analysis test.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between cyber aggression and emotional empathy (P<0.05) and a positive relationship between moral indifference and anger rumination with cyber aggression (P<0.01); Also, the results showed that 0.27 changes in cyber aggression are explained by emotional empathy, moral indifference, and anger rumination subcomponents. Also, cognitive empathy, memories of anger, and understanding the causes do not have a significant contribution to predicting cyber aggression (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: The present study showed that to control behaviors such as cyber aggression, more attention should be paid to emotional and moral components such as empathy, moral indifference, and anger rumination.
Social Psychology
Hossein Samani; Soroosh Golbabaei; Khatereh Borhani
Abstract
Introduction: Paternalism is a ubiquitous phenomenon in interpersonal relations and social life; However, few studiesIntroduction: Paternalism is a ubiquitous phenomenon in interpersonal relations and social life; However, few studies have investigated its relationship with other psychological constructs ...
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Introduction: Paternalism is a ubiquitous phenomenon in interpersonal relations and social life; However, few studiesIntroduction: Paternalism is a ubiquitous phenomenon in interpersonal relations and social life; However, few studies have investigated its relationship with other psychological constructs and in particular, it is unclear how it relates to different components of empathy in the context of interpersonal relationships. The present study aims to develop and validate a measure that evaluates paternalism in everyday life and then to examine its relationship with components of empathy and behavioral contagion.Method: The present study follows a correlational design and participants were selected based on convenience sampling. First, exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the structural validity and factor loadings of the paternalism questionnaire, and internal reliability was examined using Cronbach’s alpha. Then, in a second study, Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Golbabaei et al., 2022), and Empathy Index (Jordan et al., 2016) were used to predict paternalism, using a multivariate regression.Findings: Paternalism was positively correlated with empathic concern (r = .184, p < .05) and was negatively correlated with personal distress (r = -.202, p < .01). Moreover, in a linear regression model empathic concern (β = .306, p < .01) and personal distress (β = -.318, p < .01) predicted paternalism (F (2, 139) =9.538, p < .01 ).Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the contrary consequences that different components of empathy may have in some situations. By using experimental methods and including other constructs, future studies can shed light on different antecedents of paternalism in everyday life.
Abolghasem Yaghoobi; Sahar Mohammadi
Abstract
Introduction: Prosocial behaviors include behaviors such as empathy, altruism, cooperation with the aim of benefiting others, which improve the level of this behavior to facilitate interactions and the well-being of the community. so the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between ...
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Introduction: Prosocial behaviors include behaviors such as empathy, altruism, cooperation with the aim of benefiting others, which improve the level of this behavior to facilitate interactions and the well-being of the community. so the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between affiliation motivation and prosocial behavior was mediated by empathy and self-efficacy. Method: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included students of Bu Ali Sina University of Hamadan. The sample size was 380 students who were selected using cluster random sampling method. Research instruments included Cuadrado et al.'s (2016) affiliation motivation, the Caprara et al. (2005) prosocial behavior, the Albiro et al. (2009) empathy, and Scherer et al. (1982) self-efficacy scales. Structural equation analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the direct effect of affiliation motivation on empathy (p <0.01, β = 0.32) and self-efficacy (p <0.01, β = 0.27) was significant. The direct effect of self-efficacy (p <0.01, β = 0.30) and empathy (p <0.01, β = 0.37) on prosocial behaviors is also significant. The results showed that the indirect effects of affiliation motivation through empathy (p <0.01, Z = 7.92) and self-efficacy (p <0.01, Z = 5.27) on prosocial behavior were significant. Conclusion: Based on the results, concluded that affiliation motivation, empathy and self-efficacy have a significant effect on student prosocial behaviors, so to increase these behaviors, trainings to increase self-efficacy, affiliation motivation and empathy in the educational environment can be considered.
Arezoo Omidpour; Majid Baradaran; Farzaneh Ranjbar Noushari
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to effectiveness of gratitude training on empathy and communication skills in adolescents girls. Method: This research was conducted through a pre-test and post-test research design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to effectiveness of gratitude training on empathy and communication skills in adolescents girls. Method: This research was conducted through a pre-test and post-test research design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of 3258 female eighth-grade students in Rasht city in the academic year of 2019-2020, from which a sample of 40 was selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. For data collection, Quinn Dam (2004), Empathy Juliff & Farrington (2006), and Emmons & McCullough Appreciation Training Questionnaire (2) were used. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that gratitude training influenced female adolescents' empathy (P˂0.028) and communication skills (P˂0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that adolescence is a very important and important period with unique characteristics. In this context, appreciation of training can be effective.
Mohammad erfan Memarian; Jalil Fathabadi; Omid Shokri
Volume 9, Issue 36 , March 2020, , Pages 21-38
Abstract
Past studies indicate that prosocial behavior enhances mood. Most of these studies have only investigated mood enhancement in the specific situation that has triggered empathy; while prosocial behavior does not necessarily take place in the same situation. The goal of this study is to investigate the ...
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Past studies indicate that prosocial behavior enhances mood. Most of these studies have only investigated mood enhancement in the specific situation that has triggered empathy; while prosocial behavior does not necessarily take place in the same situation. The goal of this study is to investigate the enhancement effect of prosocial behavior on mood between empathy-triggering situation and an unrelated situation. 60 students studying in universities of Tehran participated in this experiment. After inducing empathy & primary mood measurement, the first group conducted a situationally relevant prosocial behavior, the second group conducted a situationally irrelevant prosocial behavior, & the third group participated in a control task. Afterward, the mood of participants was measured again. After controlling for pre-test scores, prosocial behavior did not have a significant effect on negative affect (P = 0/47); but had a significant effect on positive affect (P = 0/011). Pairwise comparisons revealed that situationally irrelevant prosocial behavior enhanced positive affect more than the control task (P=0/009). Lower estimation of prosocial behavior’s success, uncertainty about improvement of the receiver’s situation, and dual perspective taking may contribute to stability of negative affect. The lack of significant difference between related prosocial behavior and control groups, and the difference between unrelated prosocial behavior and control group, can be understood by predictions of how unsuccessful prosocial behaviors are to be. This suggests that mood enhancement due to prosocial behavior is more about success of prosocial behavior rather than improving welfare of empathy subjects.
Hamidreza Nezam
Volume 8, Issue 29 , December 2019, , Pages 117-131
Abstract
This research aimed the Developing empathy skills program based on social cognition and study of it`s effectiveness on prosocial behavior in airport service staff. This research is a kind of semi experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The research population ...
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This research aimed the Developing empathy skills program based on social cognition and study of it`s effectiveness on prosocial behavior in airport service staff. This research is a kind of semi experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The research population consisted of all Airport Services staff of Iran Air employed at Mehrabad Airport in Tehran. 24 persons of cargo service purposefully were divided into two experimental and control groups. Then prosocial personality questionnaire (pbs) was performed on both groups. The experimental group received empathy skills in eight sixty-minute session. While members of the control group received no training. Data analysis showed that the experimental group compared with the control group after the meetings, found a significant increase in prosocial behavior (α=0.05). Finally, the findings showed that empathy skills training program based on social cognition could be used as an effective therapeutic-intervention program to improve prosocial behaviors in airport services staff.
Volume 7, Issue 26 , July 2017
Abstract
Aim: The current study was conducted by the aim of investigating the relationship between sympathy and empathy with the desire to spirituality in university students.
Method: Research method is descriptive correlational. The study sample is includes all students in psychology college in central Azad ...
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Aim: The current study was conducted by the aim of investigating the relationship between sympathy and empathy with the desire to spirituality in university students.
Method: Research method is descriptive correlational. The study sample is includes all students in psychology college in central Azad university of Tehran. The number of sample, based on Morgan table is 385 people (10 men and 283 woman) and the sampling method is available Data collection instrument includes self- report scale for sympathy of Rashton et al (1981), empathy scale of Mehrabian and Epstein (1972) and Robert Cloninger questionnaire for desire to spirituality (2003). Data analysis and statistical analysis were done by correlation and multi- variate regression.
Result: The findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between sympathy, the desire to spirituality (sig= 0.006, r= 0.139) and between empathy and the desire to spirituality (sig= 0.000, r= 0.412). All dimensions of empathy had a significant relationship with sympathy and the desire to spirituality variants. Regression coefficient also confirmed the relationship and indicated that sympathy can be a positive and significant prediction for the desire to spirituality. Additionally, empathy variant, the elements of cooperation empathy and empathy towards others can also significantly predict the desire to spirituality. In investigating the conceptual model of the research, the appropriateness indicates of the study and the relationship between variants were confirmed.
Conclusion: based on the findings, the increase in sympathy, empathy and the desire to spirituality among young people is a necessary issue and any kind of improvement in spirituality can lead to developments in emphatic values.
Volume 6, Issue 24 , January 2017
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to explore the moderating effect of Positive and Negative Religious Coping on the relationship between Perceived stress and Empathy.
Method: In this descriptive correlational study 193 boy students were selected of high school in khorramabad. Then the ...
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Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to explore the moderating effect of Positive and Negative Religious Coping on the relationship between Perceived stress and Empathy.
Method: In this descriptive correlational study 193 boy students were selected of high school in khorramabad. Then the students completed Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE), and Basic Empathy Scale (BES).
Results: Results revealed a significant meaningful relationship between stress and Empathy (β= -.74, p
Volume 6, Issue 24 , January 2017
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the theory of mind training on empathy and bullying in children.
Method: The research design of the study was of Full-experimental type with pretest-posttest by control group. 36 preschool girls in Tehran were selected by ...
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Introduction: The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the theory of mind training on empathy and bullying in children.
Method: The research design of the study was of Full-experimental type with pretest-posttest by control group. 36 preschool girls in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling. The random sample of 18 students in the experimental group and the control group were 18 children and their mothers were taken pre-test. The meetings theory of mind were applied on experimental group and both mother groups were taken posttest. The instruments used in this study were Empathy Questioner (EQ) and Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire Revised (OB/VQ-R).Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.
Results: Results showed a significant increase in the mean scores empathy and a significant decrease in subscales of bullying (001 / ≥p) scores of the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: This study showed that theory of mind training sessions can improve empathy and reduce bullying behaviors in children. So, theory of mind on moral emotions increase and improve behavior and social skills in children is effective.