Social Psychology Research

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Editorial Staff

Publication Ethics

Peer Review Process

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

News

Journal Forms

Paper Preparation Guide

Terms and conditions of submitting an article

Effect of subliminal presentation of emotional faces on mood

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه گیلان

3 استادیار گرو ه روانشناسی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

4 . دانشیار گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه گیلان

Abstract

: The induction of emotion in the absence of conscious awareness of the stimulus evoking such emotion has long been a subject of great interest. Emotional processing without conscious awareness plays an important role in human social interactions.
Method: The present study was conducted to determine the effect of subliminal presentation of emotional faces on mood. Students of Guilan University participated in this quasi-experimental study. Students completed demographic questionnaire, and questionnaire of Negative and positive Affect Scale. Then they were randomly assigned to three intervention groups (n=8). In the intervention groups subliminal presentation of emotional faces were carried out.
Findings: Results showed that subliminally presented happy faces decreased negative mood and increased positive mood. The opposite effect was observed for subliminally presented sad faces.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that subliminal perception of faces may be effective in experimentally induced mood change and therefore these results may be used by practitioners and clinicians to treat mood disorders in students.

Keywords

References
-      بخشی­پور، ع. و دژکام، م. (1383). تحلیل­عاملی تأییدی مقیاس عاطفه مثبت و منفی. مجله روان­شناسی، 360، 9(4)، 365-351.
-   حسنی، ج. و امیری، س. (1394). عملکرد در قضاوت اخلاقی شخصی و غیرشخصی بر اساس ابعاد تجارب هیجانی زیرآستانه­ای مثبت و منفی. دوفصلنامه شناخت اجتماعی، 4(2)، 61-48.
-   دوستکام، م.، پورحیدری، س.، حیدری، م. و شهیدی، ش. (1389). القای خلق با استفاده از چهره­های هیجانی زیرآستانه­ای. فصلنامه روان­شناسی کاربردی، 4(2)، 19-7.
-   سلطانی­زاده، م.، ملک­پور، م. و نشاط­دوست، ح. ط. (1385). رابطه لذت جسمانی و عاطفه مثبت و منفی در دانشجویان دانشگاه اصفهان. مطالعات روان­شناختی، 4(1)، 46-31.
-      Berridge, K. C. & Winkielman, P. (2003). What is an unconscious emotion? (The case for unconscious liking). Cognition and Emotion, 17(2), 181-211.
-      Blair, R. J. R. (2003). Facial expressions, their communicatory functions and neuro-cognitive substrates. The Royal Society, 358, 561-572.
-      Blanchfield, A., Hardy, J. & Marcora, S. (2014). Non-conscious visual cues related to affect and action alter perception of effort and endurance performance. Frontier in Human Neuroscience, 8, 1-16.
-      Bornstien, R. F., Leone, D. R. & Galley, D. J. (1987). The Generalizability of Subliminal Mere Exposure Effects: Influence of Stimuli Perceived Without Awareness on Social Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(6), 1070-1079.
-      Breiter, H. C., Etcoff, N. L., Whalen, P. J., Kennedy, W. A., Rauch, S. L., Buckner, R. L., Strauss, M. M., Hyman, S. E. & Rosen, B. R. (1996). Response and Habituation of the Human Amygdala during Visual Processing of Facial Expression. Neuron, 17, 875-887.
-      Egermann, H., Kopiez, R. & Reuter, C. (2006). Is there an effect of subliminal messages in music on choice behavior?. Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis, 4(2), 29-46.
-      Fitzsimons, G. M., Chartrand, T. L. & Fitzsimons, G. J. (2006). Automatic Effects of Brand Exposure on Motivated Behavior: How Apple Makes You “Think Different”. JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, 35, 21-35.
-      Hassin, R. P. (2013). Yes It Can: On the Functional Abilities of the Human Unconscious. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(2), 195-207.
-      Karremans, J. C., Stroebe, W. & Claus, J. (2006). Beyond Vicary’s fantasies: The impact of subliminal priming and brand choice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(2006), 792-798.
-      Kiss, M. & Eimer, M. (2008). ERPs reveal subliminal processing of fearful faces. Psychophysiology, 45(2008), 318-326.
-      Krosnick, J. A., Jussim, L. J. & Lynn, A. R. (1992). Subliminal conditioning of attitudes. Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 18(2), 152-162.
-      Legal, J., Chappe, J., Coiffard, V. & Villard-Forest, A. (2012). Don't you know that you want to trust me? Subliminal goal priming and persuasion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(2012), 358-360.
-      Lundqvist, D., Flykt, A. & Öhman, A. (1998). The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces - KDEF, CD ROM from Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology section, Karolinska Institutet, ISBN 91-630-7164-9.
-      Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perrett, D. I., Rowland, D., Young, A. W., Calder, A. J. & Dolan, R. J. (1996). A differential neural response in the human amygdala to fearful and happy facial expressions. Nature, 383, 812-815.
-      Murphy, S, T. & Zajonc, R. B. (1993). Affect, Cognition, and Awareness: Affective Priming With Optimal and Suboptimal Stimulus Exposures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(5), 723-739.
-      Roxana, R., Richard, S., Charles, C. & Rodney, W. (1987). Influence of subliminal visual images on the experience of anxiety. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13(3), 399-410.
-      Ruch, S., Zust, M. A. & Henke, K. (2016). Subliminal messages exert long-term effects on decision-making. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2016(1).
-      Schmidt, K, L. & Cohn, j. F. (2001). Human Facial Expressions as Adaptations: Evolutionary Questions in Facial Expression Research. YEARBOOK OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, 44, 3-24.
-      Smith, M. L., Cottrel, G. W., Gosselin, F. & Sehyns, P. G. (2005). Transmitting and Decoding Facial Expressions. Psychological Science, 16(3), 184-189.
-      Strahan, E. J., Spencer, S. J. & Zanna, M. P. (2002). Subliminal priming and persuasion: Striking while the iron is hot. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38(2002), 556-568.
-      Verwijmeren, T., Karremans, J. C., Bernritter, S, F., Stroebe, W. & Wigboldus, D. H. J. (2013). Warning: You are being primed! The effect of a warning on the impact of subliminal ads. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(2013), 1124-1129.
-      Whalen, P. J., Rauch, S. L., Etcoff, N. L., Mclnerney, S. C., Lee, M. B. & Jenike, M. A. (1998). Masked Presentations of Emotional Facial Expressions Modulate Amygdala Activity without Explicit Knowledge. Journal of Neuroscience, 18(1), 411-418.
-      Wiens, S. (2006). Subliminal emotion perception in brain imaging: findings, issues, and recommendations. Progress in Brain Research, 156, 105-121.
Social Psychology Research
Volume 7, Issue 27 - Serial Number 1
October 2017
Pages 35-48
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics