Social Psychology Research

Abstract Introduction: This study is mainly aiming to examine the relationship between the social capital and the emotional intelligence with the faculty members’ professional competence.
Methodology: this is a descriptive-correlational research and an applied one in terms of purpose. The statistical population included the faculty members of the universities in the north-west of Iran in 2019, among which 335 samples were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The research instrument consisted of the questionnaire of social capital (Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998) and emotional Intelligence (Goleman, 1998) and a researched-made questionnaire of professional competence, the validity and the reliability of which were calculated by face validity and the Cronbach’s Alpha test (0.82), respectively. The data so collected were analyzed through statistical tests of correlation and structural equations, by the software SPSS and Amos.
Findings: the results showed that the means of the variables including professional competence, social capital and emotional intelligence were computed as average, based on the scores 1-5, as 3.49, 3.04 and 3.11, respectively. The social capital and emotional intelligence have significant and direct relationship, respectively (p < 0.01 and r=0.59) and (p < 0.01 and r=0.57), with the professional competence of the faculty members. They may predict nearly 0.53 variance of the criterion variable.
Conclusion: considering the results achieved, we may suggest that emotional intelligence and social capital are effective in the competence of the university professors and they are suggested to be rather noted in the policy-making of university systems.

Abstract Introduction: Researches have shown that information processing styles are important determination for superstitious beliefs and superstitious people have less sense of control on their destination. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between superstitious beliefs, information processing styles and sense of agency among people going to fortuneteller. Method: The research design is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population includes 425 people that going to fortuneteller in Urmia. The sample of study is 200 people that sselsected by available sampling method.. To collect information, Information Process Styles questionnaire of Epstein and Pacini (1999), superstitious belief questionnaire (2019) and The sense of agency rating scale (2013), were used. for data analyzing, the pearson correlation and multivariable regression were used Results: The results showed that there was a Negative and significant relationship between the rationalism information process, sense of agency with superstitious beliefs, and The positive significant relationship between the intuitionalism information process and superstitious beliefs. regression analysis showed that all of them predicted significantly the superstitious beliefs(P <0/01). Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship between superstitious beliefs, information processing styles and sense of agency, the results of this study have implications for reducing of superstitious and fortunetelling expansion in society.

Abstract Introduction: The aim of present study is investigating the Effect of mental workload on employee cyberloafing at workplace with considering the mediating role of social undermining.
Method: Present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-survey research in terms of method. The statistical population of this research is personnel of high schools in Yazd city. A sample comprising of 120 members was selected using clustering random sampling method. The statistical instruments consisted of three questionnaires including cyberloafing scale (Stoddart, 2016), mental workload scale (Rubio-Valdehita, López-Núñez, López-Higes & Díaz-Ramiro, 2017) and social undermining scale (Hamza, 2018). Reliability of the scales were confirmed by Cronbach’s Alfa and composite reliability. Validity of the scales were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Data analysis, was done using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) and inferential statistics (correlation test, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling) using SPSS 22 and Smart-PLS 2 softwares.
Results: The results showed that there were significant correlations between all research variables. Also, mental workload has direct, positive and significant impact (0.515) on cyberloafing. Mental workload has indirect and significant impact (0.159) on cyberloafing too. Mental workload can predict social undermining at workplace positively and its direct effect is 0.723. Also, social undermining has direct, positive and significant impact (0.712) on cyberloafing.
Conclusion: Mental workload has direct effect on cyberloafing at workplace and also indirect effect via the mediating role of social undermining and indirect effect is more than direct effect.

Abstract Introduction: Marriage is one of the most important and crucial choices for any individual. The purpose of this study was to design and elaborate a model of the effect of individual identity dimensions on attitudes toward marriage through the mediation of marriage horizon components.
Method: The statistical population in this research is all single male postgraduate students in East Azarbaijan universities. A sample of 300 students was selected through stratified random sampling from the mentioned society. Became the current project is a covariance matrix or correlation matrix (path analysis). The tools used for data collection were Attitude toward Marriage Scale, Ego Identity Process Questionnaire, Marriage Important Scale, Marriage Expected Age Scale, and Marriage Readiness Scale .
Results: The results showed that the love identity component both directly and indirectly through the three components of the marital horizon, are related to attitudes toward marriage. Also, the component of work identity both directly and indirectly through the three components of the marital horizon, are related to attitudes toward marriage. On the other hand, the worldview identity component directly and indirectly, through the marital importance component and the marital readiness component, improves attitudes toward marriage. Marital horizons components are also related to attitudes toward marriage.
Conclusion: Emerging adults with an identity formed in the three areas of love, work and worldview, draw a shorter marriage horizon for themselves, so they will have a more positive attitude towards marriage.

Abstract Introduction: Intimacy is a relationship in which there is care, mutual trust and acceptance. Regarding the importance of intimacy in the marital relationship, the aim of this study was to predict marital intimacy based on mindfulness, patterns of conflict resolution, perceived social support, and social well-being.
Method: The present research method was correlational. For this purpose, 264 people were selected from the women's community of Tehran using the available sampling. Participants responded to Marital Intimacy Scale (Thompson & Walker, 1983), Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (Rahim, 1983), Short Form of the Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire (Wallach et al., 2006), Perceived Social Support Scale (Zimet, 1988) and responded to the social well-being Scale (Keys, 1998). For data analysis, multiple regression were used.
Result: The results showed that the variables of conflict resolution patterns, mindfulness, perceived social support and social well-being are significantly related to marital intimacy. In total, these variables were able to predict 23% of marital intimacy variance.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the importance of conflict resolution, mindfulness, perceived social support and social well-being in explaining women's marital intimacy. Therefore, teaching the correct ways to resolve conflicts and mindfulness exercises, providing adequate support from family and important people in life, and strengthening the motivation to grow the social dimensions of women's personality is recommended.

Abstract IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to accompany a number of positive and negative stimuli with students' self, by subliminal method in order to investigate the effectiveness of these stimuli on implicit self-esteem.
Method: The research method was empirical study with experimental pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included 956 undergraduate students at Farhangian University of Kurdistan in the academic year 2018-2019 with the quantity of 956 people. Among them, using systematic random sampling, 90 subjects (45 males and 45 females) from the list of university students who had criteria for entering the study, were randomly selected and assigned to two groups of positive and negative manipulation and one control group. After measuring the implicit self-esteem by using the Name Initial Preferences Task as pretest, a computerized software of implicit self-esteem manipulation, was developed to manipulate the positive and negative implicit self-esteem. After performing the intervention on the experimental groups, implicit self-esteem of subjects was measured as posttest.
Results: The findings of covariance analysis by controlling the effect of pretest showed that, positive manipulation caused a significant increase (P=0/001) in implicit self-esteem and negative manipulation caused a significant decrease (P=0/001) in implicit self-esteem.
Conclusion: Findings of the research showed that although self-esteem feelings can be derived from childhood experiences, thereafter can increase or decrease with use of the basic learning principles of classical conditioning.

Abstract Abstract
Introduction: The change is only constant element in life and business, but during the implementation process of change, Organizations, especially governmental organizations, dealing with a some of challenges that resistance to change is one of the most important ones. The main purpose of this research is to examining the effect of emotional and cultural intelligence on employees' resistance to change, with emphasis on the role of mediation of psychological capital.
Method: This study was conducted on a random sample of 300 employees of governmental universities in Ahvaz city. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data, descriptive-correlation. Data were collected using standard questionnaires – Ang et al Cultural intelligence (2007), Golemann emotional intelligence (1997), Oreg resistance to change (2003), & Luthans et al psychological capital (2007). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with Smart PLS3 software.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that emotional and cultural intelligence has significant negative effect on resistance to organizational changes directly (-0.37, -0.32) and indirectly (with mediating role of the psychological capital) (-0.69, -0.63).
Conclusion: According to research findings, Increasing employees' emotional and cultural intelligence will reduce their resistance to change. Also, improving psychological capital strengthens the effect of emotional and cultural intelligence on resistance to change mediated by psychological capital.

Abstract It is necessary to examine the social responsibility and self-discipline of the young generation because of their importance in determining the active and future force of the creators of society. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to understand the role of gender inequality in self-discipline and social responsibility in predicting academic achievement of female students in Tehran universities.
Method: This research is a descriptive correlation according to the practical purpose and based on the data collection method. The statistical population of this study consists of all female students of Tehran universities who are studying in the academic year of 2009-2010. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select the sample of students. Thus, 384 people were selected as multi-stage multi-stage clusters from among the universities of Tehran. In order to collect information, Khoshrou et al. (2017), Zandkarimi Self-Disciplinary Questionnaire (2010) and Soroush Responsibility Questionnaire (2011) were used to collect information. The data collected were statistically analyzed step by step using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression.
Results: The results of correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive relationship between the perception of gender inequality, self-discipline and responsibility with academic achievement of female students (001≥P). The results of step-by-step multivariate regression showed that 35% of female students' academic achievement variance is explained by perceptions of gender inequality, self-discipline, and accountability.
The results of the study confirm the relationship between the perception of gender inequality, self-discipline and responsibility of female students with academic achievement. Therefore,

Abstract Aim: The corona disease epidemic and quarantine have had different effects on the social and psychological aspects of individuals. The aim of this research was to study the relation between social support with components of the social capital and the psychological capital of students in corona epidemic.
Method: This study is descriptive-correlation type and statistical population of all students of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in the second semester of the 2019- 2020 academic year numbered over 40000 people. A sample of 402 men and women students evaluated by Social Support Scale (Zimet, et al, 1998), Putnam social Capital Questionnaire (Putnam, 2000), and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans, et al, 2007) through online recall and via social network. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used.
Results: The results showed social capital and psychological capital had meaningful correlation with students’ social support. Also, social support and social capital could be predicted 24% and 48%by psychological capital, respectively (P < 0/001).
Conclusion: It seems that the social support of students is predictable with components of social capital and psychological capital and has practical implications at preparation of interventions in crisis at the time of corona outbreak and after it.