Social Psychology
Hossein Rezapour; Mansoureh Bahramipour Isfahani; Hajar Turkan
Abstract
Introduction: Social anxiety is one of the most debilitating anxiety disorders, the symptoms of which begin at the beginning of adolescence and continue until the later periods of development. This disorder creates disorders in personal life, beliefs, interactions, work life, and other functional aspects ...
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Introduction: Social anxiety is one of the most debilitating anxiety disorders, the symptoms of which begin at the beginning of adolescence and continue until the later periods of development. This disorder creates disorders in personal life, beliefs, interactions, work life, and other functional aspects of a person. Therefore, identifying effective interventions in patients is of particular importance. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation and mode deactivation therapies on antisocial core beliefs and solving the social problem of 15-18-year-old boys with high social anxiety.Method: The current research was a semi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test, and a two-month follow-up period with a control group. The statistical population included all students aged 15 to 18 with social anxiety in the 2nd education district of Isfahan in the academic years 2021 and 2022. For this purpose, using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 600 students were screened from among boys' high schools in the 2nd education district of Isfahan by implementing Paklak's social anxiety scale adolescent (2004). They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (20 people each) and a control group (20 people). The people in the experimental groups participated in parallel and simultaneous treatment sessions of behavioral activation and mode deactivation; But for the control group, there was no intervention. The measurement tools included short form-compound core beliefs questionnaire by Apsche & De-Meo (2012) and a social problem-solving inventory by Drzila et al. (2002). To analyze the data, the statistical method of analysis of variance of repeated measurements and Bonferroni's posthoc test was used in SPSS-24 software.Findings: The results showed that behavioral activation therapy on social problem solving and mode deactivation therapy on antisocial core beliefs had stronger effectiveness than other treatment methods for 15-18-year-old boys with social anxiety and the effects of the interventions were stable over time (p<0.01).Conclusion: The findings of this research emphasize the importance of paying attention to antisocial core beliefs and social solving problems in adolescents with high social anxiety and have important practical implications for therapeutic interventions for adolescents with social anxiety.
Setareh Hadadi; Mohammadreza Tamannaeifar
Abstract
Introduction: Social anxiety is one of the most important anxiety disorders that have begun in adolescence and continue until the later periods of evolution. It creates social interactions and other performance dimensions of an individual. Hence, it is important to recognize features of people with social ...
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Introduction: Social anxiety is one of the most important anxiety disorders that have begun in adolescence and continue until the later periods of evolution. It creates social interactions and other performance dimensions of an individual. Hence, it is important to recognize features of people with social anxiety. The objective of this study was to compare maladjusted perfectionism, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation, and rumination in an adolescent with high and low social anxiety. Method: The present study was the comparative and descriptive method. The sample consisted of 329 male and female students of the 2nd course of high schools of Kashan City who were selected by multi-stage random sampling. To collect information, the Connor Social Phobia Inventory (2000), Hill Perfectionism Inventory (2004), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2001), and Ruminative Response Scale (1993) were used. SPSS22 software test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between students with high and low social anxiety. The mean scores of students with high social anxiety were significantly higher in maladjusted perfectionism, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation, and rumination in comparison with low social anxiety. Conclusion: Findings emphasize the importance of paying attention to maladjusted perfectionism, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation, and rumination in adolescents with symptoms of social anxiety. The findings of the present study have an important role in Educational therapeutic interventions for adolescents with high social anxiety.
zahra solgi
Abstract
Introduction: Students with coronary anxiety in academic and social life face many challenges in social interactions and psychological practice that require metacognitive skills to overcome them. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of metacognitive skills training on symptoms ...
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Introduction: Students with coronary anxiety in academic and social life face many challenges in social interactions and psychological practice that require metacognitive skills to overcome them. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of metacognitive skills training on symptoms of social anxiety and demoralization symptoms in girls with high levels of coronary anxiety.
Method: The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group and two-month follow-up period. All-female students with coronary heart disease at the Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah formed the research community. Among them, by purposive sampling and obtaining a score higher than the average in the completed instruments, 30 people were selected and assigned to groups of 15 people. Data were collected using Corona Anxiety Questionnaire (Alipour et al., 1398), Depression Syndrome (Kisan et al., 2004), and Social Anxiety (Connor et al., 2000). For the experimental group, 10 sessions of metacognitive program were performed as weekly one-hour online sessions, but the control group did not receive a program. Data analysis was performed by repeated-measures of variance.
Results: The experimental and control groups in the pre-test were not significantly different in terms of social anxiety and demoralization symptoms (P>0.05), but in the post-test and follow-up steps this difference was significant in terms of both variables (P<0.05). Metacognitive skills training reduced the demoralization symptoms and social anxiety in the experimental group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Findings show that metacognitive skills training can be used as a method of choice in patients with coronary heart disease. Therefore, it may be helpful to consider this type of treatment as part of a treatment plan for patients with coronary anxiety disorder.
Mahmoud Borjali; Erfan Borhani
Abstract
Introduction: Everyone needs to learn communication skills to achieve a better life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of communication skills training on social anxiety and anger of abused and neglected adolescents in Tehran.
Method: The applied research method is quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test ...
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Introduction: Everyone needs to learn communication skills to achieve a better life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of communication skills training on social anxiety and anger of abused and neglected adolescents in Tehran.
Method: The applied research method is quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population includes all abused and unaccompanied adolescents in Tehran. A total of 16 people were selected by purposive, available sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 8 controls and experiments. Communication skills training was held for the experimental group in 9 sessions of 90 minutes. Data collection tools were Lajerka Social Anxiety (1999) and Spielberger Anger (1999) Questionnaire. After analyzing the scores, the analysis of covariance was used to test the hypotheses.
Results: The results showed that communication skills training affected social anxiety (F <0.05) and adolescent anger (0.02) concerning the significance level (0.05).
Conclusion: Lack of communication skills increases social anxiety and anger among abused and orphaned adolescents and causes many social problems. It is recommended that communication skills in daycare centers and semi-centralized children and adolescents with injuries Be used socially so that they learn the most important principle of living, which is to believe in themselves.
Fatemeh Fallah; Yasser Rezapour Mirsaleh; Fatemeh Behjati Ardakani
Abstract
Introduction: Social anxiety disorder in children may consequence in avoiding of social interactions and can lead to social dysfunction in adulthood. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Adlerian play therapy on social skills of children with social anxiety disorder.Method: The present ...
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Introduction: Social anxiety disorder in children may consequence in avoiding of social interactions and can lead to social dysfunction in adulthood. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Adlerian play therapy on social skills of children with social anxiety disorder.Method: The present study was a quasi–experimental time-series design with a control group. The sample consisted of 10 children with social anxiety that were selected by available sampling method according to the clinical interview of the psychologist and the cut-off score in the social anxiety questionnaire (Liebowitz, 1987). The children were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups, and the experimental group received 8 sessions of Adlerian play therapy, while the experimental group did not receive any special intervention. The Data gathered using social skills questionnaire (Gresham & Elliot, 1990) in five phases, pre-test, 2th, 4th, 6th sessions and post-test, and analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures.Results: The results showed there was a difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in social skills (P <0.01, F = 63.52); Bonferroni post hoc analysis also showed that the difference in social skills scores between 1 and 3 (p = 0.039) 1 and 4 (p = 0.007) and 1 and 5 (p = 0.002) phases was significant but this difference was insignificant in the control group.Conclusion: Adlerian play therapy is effective on social skills of children with social anxiety disorder and can be offered as a complementary intervention along with other medical and psychological treatments to these children.
Leila Sadri; Mansoureh Shahriari Ahmadi; parisa tajalli
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between peer-matching and body management with mediating role of mobile-based social media addiction in adolescents with social anxiety. Method: The statistical population included all-female high school students in ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between peer-matching and body management with mediating role of mobile-based social media addiction in adolescents with social anxiety. Method: The statistical population included all-female high school students in Tehran who were studying in the academic year of 2019-2020, among whom 251 people who were suffering from social anxiety were selected by the targeted sampling method. They answered the standard questionnaire of social anxiety (2000), compliance questionnaire (1993), body management scale (2014), and addiction questionnaire to mobile-based social networks(2016). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument.Finding: The results showed a direct relationship between peer compliance and addiction to mobile-based social networks (P<0.01, β = 0.30), and the relationship between addiction to mobile-based social networks and body management (P<0/01, Β= 0.28) was significant. Addiction to mobile-based social networks also fully mediated the relationship between peer compliance and body management.Conclusion: As a result, educating teens about the proper use of smartphones and social networks can reduce the impact of peer compliance on body management.
malihe tovhidiyan; Azam Farah Bidjari; Gholamreza Dehshiry
Abstract
Introduction: One of the major problems of socially anxious individuals is their inability to identify mental states. The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the role of social intelligence and mind reading in predicting social anxiety based on the Clark and Wells model. Method: For ...
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Introduction: One of the major problems of socially anxious individuals is their inability to identify mental states. The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the role of social intelligence and mind reading in predicting social anxiety based on the Clark and Wells model. Method: For this purpose, a sample of 218 adult men and women by Social Anxiety questionnaire (SAQ), Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and Reading the Mind in the Voice Test (RMVT) Were evaluated. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of Pearson correlation showed that there is a significant negative relationship between social intelligence and its components and reading the mind through the eyes with social anxiety. In addition, there is a significant positive relationship between social intelligence and reading the mind through the eyes. However, no significant relationship was found between reading the mind through the voice with social anxiety and social intelligence. Regression results showed that the components of social skills and social awareness of social intelligence as well as mind reading through the eyes are able to significantly predict 37% of the variance of social anxiety. Conclusion: Overall, it can be concluded that socially anxious individuals are weaker in the components of social intelligence and the ability to reading the minds by observing others, an issue that should be considered in recognizing and treating social anxiety.
mehdi dehestsni; Maryam Ebrahimi; Seyedeh Zohreh Aboohashemi Moghaddam
Volume 9, Issue 36 , March 2020, , Pages 115-128
Abstract
Students play a crucial role in the future of our country, so it is very important to have an attention about their cognitive and personal characteristics. The aim of this study was to predict the interpersonal communication skills of students based on their emotional maturity and social anxiety. The ...
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Students play a crucial role in the future of our country, so it is very important to have an attention about their cognitive and personal characteristics. The aim of this study was to predict the interpersonal communication skills of students based on their emotional maturity and social anxiety. The research method was correlation. The statistical population of this study was midwifery high school students in the first course of the city of Miandoab in the academic year 97. For sampling, 60 students were selected using random sampling method and interpersonal skills skill Scales (1983), emotional maturity (1991) and social anxiety (1999) were distributed among them. For data analysis, regression and correlation were used. The findings of the research showed that the relationship between emotional maturity and social anxiety with interpersonal communication skill is significant. Also, based on the findings, it can be concluded that by enhancing emotional maturity and social anxiety, interpersonal communication skills can be strengthened in students.
somaye robatmili; mina karimi
Volume 8, Issue 31 , September 2019, , Pages 51-68
Abstract
Purpose: Social anxiety in adolescents is prevalent. Relying on the theoretical foundations, this study was conducted with the aim of prognosis the social anxiety in adolescents based on metacognitive beliefs, mindfulness and fear of negative evaluation. Method: The present study is descriptive-cross-sectional ...
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Purpose: Social anxiety in adolescents is prevalent. Relying on the theoretical foundations, this study was conducted with the aim of prognosis the social anxiety in adolescents based on metacognitive beliefs, mindfulness and fear of negative evaluation. Method: The present study is descriptive-cross-sectional and correlational. The statistical population of the present study includes all male and female students of the third grade of secondary education who study at high schools in the Varamin city of during the academic year of 1963-96. 329 people were selected by cluster-multistage sampling. To collect data, Wales’s meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30), Fifth Mindfulness Knowledge Questionnaire (FFMQ), Negative Fear Scale (BFNE-S) and Social anxiety Conor Questionnaire (SPI) were used. Then, the data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that there was a significant relationship between metacognitive beliefs, mindfulness and fear of evaluation with social anxiety in adolescents. Stepwise regression analysis confirms the role of predictor variables in social anxiety. In general, meta-cognitive beliefs, mindfulness and fear of evaluating predicted 17 percent of social anxiety changes in teens. Conclusion: It seems that metacognitive beliefs, mindfulness and fear of negative evaluation have an independent role in social anxiety in adolescents.
Volume 6, Issue 24 , January 2017
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this research was prediction of social anxiety based on attachment type and basic psychological needs
Method: This was a descriptive Research based on prediction. The population was all students of Tehran University and 200 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling. ...
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Introduction: The aim of this research was prediction of social anxiety based on attachment type and basic psychological needs
Method: This was a descriptive Research based on prediction. The population was all students of Tehran University and 200 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling. They answered to questionnaires of adult attachment (AAIN), basic psychological needs (BNG-S) and social anxiety (SPIN). The data were analysed by logistic regression.
Results: Regression analysis revealed that the dimensions of attachment type and basic needs can predict social anxiety.
Conclusion: The results showed that secure dimensions of attachment type will negatively predict social anxiety and insecure dimensions of attachment type will positively predict social anxiety. Also with the increase of individual’s score in fundamental needs, the social anxiety will reduce and with the decrease of individual’s score, the social anxiety will increase.
Volume 6, Issue 24 , January 2017
Abstract
Introduction: Since social anxiety is one of prevalent psychological disorders, presence of appropriate instruments for assessing this disorder is necessary. The aim of this study was the investigation of reliability, validity, and confirmatory factor structure of Persian version of Liebowitz Social ...
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Introduction: Since social anxiety is one of prevalent psychological disorders, presence of appropriate instruments for assessing this disorder is necessary. The aim of this study was the investigation of reliability, validity, and confirmatory factor structure of Persian version of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale.
Method: Persian version of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, after double translation and accordance with Iranian culture, was exerted on 453 student of Kharazmi university of Tehran, which have been selected through cluster sampling. Internal consistency and item rest correlations method was used for reliability testing, and confirmatory factor analysis, subscale correlations, and criterion validity were utilized for investigation of validity.
Results: Chronbach’s alpha coefficients range (0.82 to 0.95) implies that Persian version of Liebowitz scale is internally consistent. Results of confirmatory factor analysis supported four factor structure (interaction anxiety and avoidance, and observation anxiety and avoidance) of scale. There were moderate significant correlations of Persian version of LSAS and Beck depression inventory, these might stem from comorbidity of these disorders. In addition, the correlation coefficients between subscales were high (0.70 to 0.96).
Conclusion: Persian version of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale has good psychometric characteristics and can be used in different fields.
Volume 6, Issue 24 , January 2017
Abstract
Introduction: The present study aimed to investigation the relationship between anxiety sensitivity with mediating role of mindfulness with social anxiety in students.
Method: The study was descriptive-correlational study and the population included 350 girl students from the city of Kermanshah based ...
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Introduction: The present study aimed to investigation the relationship between anxiety sensitivity with mediating role of mindfulness with social anxiety in students.
Method: The study was descriptive-correlational study and the population included 350 girl students from the city of Kermanshah based on cluster sampling method using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (deacon, 2002), Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A, Lajrsa, 1998) and the scale of Mindfulness Brown Vryan (2003).
Results: The results indicated significant relationship between anxiety sensitivity and mindfulness, anxiety sensitivity and Social Anxiety, mindfulness and Social Anxiety (p
Volume 6, Issue 23 , October 2016
Abstract
Introduction: Given the increasing importance of using the Internet and virtual networks, its impact on lifestyle, and computability of this problem with a lot of mental and behavioral disorders, the present paper aims to study social anxiety in users of social and virtual networks.
Method: This comparative ...
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Introduction: Given the increasing importance of using the Internet and virtual networks, its impact on lifestyle, and computability of this problem with a lot of mental and behavioral disorders, the present paper aims to study social anxiety in users of social and virtual networks.
Method: This comparative study was carried out on a sample of 80 girl students and 99 boy students of high schools based on the multistage random cluster sampling. Young’s Internet Addiction Scale and Conover’s Social Phobia Inventory were used for data collection. The obtained data and information were statistically analyzed by the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Results: The results showed that between internet addiction and the use of cyberspace there is a significant positive correlation(r=0/50). The results of MANOVA also indicated a significant difference between three groups of normal users, risky users, and Internet addicts in the extent of social anxiety, fear of social situations (p=0/1, f=4/73), avoidance of social situations (p=0/02, f=6/53), physiological symptoms (p=0/03, f=3/57), Social anxiety disorder (p=0/002, f=6/48).
Conclusion: These findings suggest the Internet addicts show the characteristics of people with social phobia more than normal users.
Volume 6, Issue 21 , April 2016
Abstract
Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the effective psychological variables on body image shame and its aim was determining the relationship among body image shame, assertiveness, social anxiety and body mass index (BMI) in Tehran gyms members.
Method: The research method was correlation ...
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Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the effective psychological variables on body image shame and its aim was determining the relationship among body image shame, assertiveness, social anxiety and body mass index (BMI) in Tehran gyms members.
Method: The research method was correlation and statistical population was all members of Tehran gymnasium and 200members of them were selected through cluster sampling. Research data was gathered by Thompson Body Image Guilt and Shame Scale (BIGSS), Self-Perception and Cannor Social Anxiety (SPIN) questionnaires and Body Mass Index (BMI) and analyzed by Structural equation modeling (SEM) and Pearson correlation.
Results: The results showed that body image shame has positive significant correlation with social anxiety and negative significant correlation with assertiveness and also. Correlation between body mass index and assertiveness was positive significant in males and females but only in males correlation between body mass index and social anxiety was negative significant. Model result showed that the assertiveness, social anxiety and body mass index can respectively predict 55, 28 and 24 of variance of males body shame image but 21%, 26% and 2% of females body shame image.
Conclusion: Result indicated that, in addition to physiological factors such as weight (BMI), psychological variables (e. g. assertiveness, social anxiety) could influence individual’s shame of body image.