Volume 7, Issue 25 , April 2017
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the psychological dimension such as perceived social support, quality of life and resilience in women and men by committed crimes than common men and women.
Method: Method of the study is causal-comparative. Statistic community was included two groups. ...
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Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the psychological dimension such as perceived social support, quality of life and resilience in women and men by committed crimes than common men and women.
Method: Method of the study is causal-comparative. Statistic community was included two groups. A group of women and men who committed by murder inhabited in prison of Gilan province in years 94 and 95 and the other group were ordinary men and women who had no criminal record.
The sample was consisted of 140 participants (70 women and 70 men committed by murder and ordinary men and women) who are selected non-random. The instrument used to gather data was questionnaires which were according to the World Health Organizations quality of life, Connor Davidsons resiliency and multi-dimensional perceived social support .To analyze the data, the descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (single-variable and multi-variable analysis of variance) was used. All data analysis was conducted using SPSS software 20-version.
Results: The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant difference between the quality of life, its dimension and resiliency score between the two groups. Means comparison showed that there was a high rate of committed by murder in normal individuals compared to offenders. But there only is significance difference in dimension of perceived social support important people between the two groups and there are no significant differences in other aspects. According to the findings of this study can be expressed that psychological aspects such as quality of life, resiliency and social support between the two groups is different from ordinary people and persons who committed by intentional murder. These dimensions can be considered in performing criminal penalty and the prevention of such cases.
Volume 7, Issue 26 , July 2017
Abstract
Introduction: The outline of this paper was Predicting the level of national and religious identity, based on an identity styles in Iranian ethnicities.
Method: The study population included of all students studying at the University of Kurdistan. The sample consisted of 400 students from different ethnicities ...
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Introduction: The outline of this paper was Predicting the level of national and religious identity, based on an identity styles in Iranian ethnicities.
Method: The study population included of all students studying at the University of Kurdistan. The sample consisted of 400 students from different ethnicities Persian, Kurdish, Azari and Lor from university of Kurdistan. Subjects completed Lotfabadi of national, and religious identity scale (1385) and Berzonsky Identity styles(1989).
Results: results showed there is significant positive relationship between informational and normative identity styles and commitment with national identity. Confusion/ avoidant style had negative relationship with national identity. Informational style had a significant negative correlation with religious identity and normative identity style had a significant positive correlation with religious identity. Confusion style had not significant relationship with commitment. Two-way ANOVA results showed the difference between ethnicities in terms of national identity is significant On the other hand between the various Iranian ethnic groups there is not statistically different in terms of religious identity.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the difference in identity styles, in Iranian ethnicities, the findings can be used to develop programs to enhance national identity.
Volume 4, Issue 14 , September 2014
Volume 6, Issue 21 , April 2016, , Pages 91-116
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of some antecedents and outcomes of three types of love in married employees of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz.Method: The statistical population of present study was all married employees Chahid Chamran University were working ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was designing and testing a model of some antecedents and outcomes of three types of love in married employees of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz.Method: The statistical population of present study was all married employees Chahid Chamran University were working in 2016. Researchers obtained 485 completed scales. They completed short forms of romantic, compassionate and friendship-based love scales, marriage expectation scale, NEO-FFI, experiences in close relationship scale, prosocial tendency measure, family health scale and marital satisfaction questionnaire. Before this research, in the pilot studies were prepared, short form of these scales by using confirmatory factor analysis.To test the proposed model, the structural modeling analysis, with application of Anderson & Gerbings two-step approach was used. Also, to evaluate indirect effects in the model was used bootstrapping method. Results: Results showed that the fit indices for proposed model are in the acceptable range; however, by imposing some modifications, the model fitness to the data improved. Also, the results showed that antecedent variables had significant path coefficients on the tree types of love and companionate and compassionate love had significant effects on the outcome variables. Conclusion: Generally, the findings of present study shows the formation of love types and their essential role in determining the quality of relationship and marital satisfaction in the context of an Iranian sample. These results were explained in the theoretical and experimental context of theoretical and theoretical and practical implications were presented.
fatemeh arab; tahereh elahy
Volume 7, Issue 27 , October 2017, , Pages 101-121
Abstract
Introduction: Running away from home in adolescents is one of the important difficulties of modern families and societies. Adolescents run away from home Hoping to scape problems they face, without thinking about its future consequences. In fact, running away makes more problem for them and for the society. ...
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Introduction: Running away from home in adolescents is one of the important difficulties of modern families and societies. Adolescents run away from home Hoping to scape problems they face, without thinking about its future consequences. In fact, running away makes more problem for them and for the society. So it’s essential to recognize effective factors in preventing running away. This research aimed the study role of social capital in high school girl students trend to run away from home with attention to mediating roles of optimism and hope. Method: 350 girl students of Tehran high schools have been selected by means of multi-stage random cluster sampling and answered Delaviz Social Capital (2006), Afrasiabi Trend to Run Away from Home (2011), Sheier and Carver Optimism (1985) and Snyder Hope (1991) Questionnaires. Factorial analysis was applied and after deleting phrases with nonsignificant factor loading, the specified model analyzed with LISREL software and statistical method path analysis. Results: The results indicated significant direct effects of social capital on hope, optimism and trend to running away from home (respectively 0/50, 0/52 and -0/26) and effects of optimism and hope on trend to running away from home (respectively -0/25 and -0/19). Also results indicated significant mediating roles of optimism and hope in the relationship of social capital with trend to running away. Conclusion: it can be concluded that with increasing social capital, Tendency toward running away from home can be decreased directly. By prompting hope and optimism, we can directly decrease tendency to running away from home, and increase in social capital can impact prevention of escape indirectly as well.
roya heydari; Mohamad bagher hobbi
Volume 8, Issue 31 , September 2019, , Pages 103-117
Abstract
Purpose: parents’ divorce influences psychological, emotional and social components of the children. Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to determine the effectiveness of teaching self-differentiation on psychological distress and social adaptation in the adolescents with divorced ...
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Purpose: parents’ divorce influences psychological, emotional and social components of the children. Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to determine the effectiveness of teaching self-differentiation on psychological distress and social adaptation in the adolescents with divorced parents. Method: It was an experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population included first high school students with divorced parents conflicting parents in the city of Tehran in academic year 2017-18. The sample included thirty students with divorced parents who were selected and via clustered random sampling method and randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (15 in each group). The experimental group received ten sessions of self-differentiation teaching while the control groups didn’t receive any intervention. Psychological distress questionnaire (Kesler et.al, 2003) and social adaptation (Sinha and Sing, 1993) were applied in order to collect information. The data were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA method. Findings: The results showed that teaching self-differentiation has significantly influenced psychological distress and social adaptation in the adolescents with divorced parents (p<0.001). Moreover, the results showed that this teaching can significantly maintain its effect in time (p<0.001) Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that teaching self-differentiation using social and emotional techniques can influence psychological distress and social adaptation of the adolescents with divorced parents. Therefore teaching self-differentiation can be applied as an efficient method to improve social adaptation and decrease psychological distress of the adolescents with divorced parents.
mohammadali taleghaninejad; Rahim Davari; Farah lotfikashani
Volume 9, Issue 35 , January 2020, , Pages 107-125
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed Prediction of substance abuse tendency and Internet addiction based on perceived social support and stress coping styles by mediating emotional intelligence. Methods:The current study method was a correlation with a structural equation design. The study population included ...
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Objective: This study aimed Prediction of substance abuse tendency and Internet addiction based on perceived social support and stress coping styles by mediating emotional intelligence. Methods:The current study method was a correlation with a structural equation design. The study population included secondary school students in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019. The sample size consisted of four hundred (400) students that based on the proposed method of Schumacher and Lomax (2004) was considered. Participants were selected by an accessible sampling method. Yung internet addiction questionnaire (1998), drug abuse (Farchad et al., 2006), emotional intelligence questionnaire based on Bradbury - Graves (2004), perceived social support developed by Zimet and colleagues (1988), The Lazarus and Folkman’ ways of coping questionnaire (1985) were completed by sample subjects. To test the hypothesis, the structural equations were used. Results: Findings suggest predictive variables of social support, stress coping strategies and emotional intelligence predict directly the tendency to drug abuse and internet addiction. Also, coping strategies and social support through emotional intelligence have a little meditative effect on the tendency to drug abuse but through the mediation have no significant effect on internet addiction.
mohammad oraki; Parastoo Hassanzadeh
Volume 8, Issue 32 , April 2019, , Pages 109-127
Abstract
The aim of this research was the comparison of forgiveness, aggression and social well-being among among healthy individuals and people with social phobia and narcissism. The research was kind of causal-comparative and it`s sample was composed of 90 people (30 people with social phobia, 30 narcissistic ...
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The aim of this research was the comparison of forgiveness, aggression and social well-being among among healthy individuals and people with social phobia and narcissism. The research was kind of causal-comparative and it`s sample was composed of 90 people (30 people with social phobia, 30 narcissistic and 30 healthy individuals) that were selected by convenient sampling method. Research tool included Social Phobia Inventory (Connor etal, 2000), Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Terry, 1998), Forgiveness Questionnaire (Saffarinia & Mafakheri, 1390), Ahwaz Aggression Scale (Zahedifar, Najarian & Shokrkone, 1379) and Social Well-being Scale (Keyes, 1998). For analyzing data was used of multivariate variance analysis. The results indicated that healthy individuals experienced higher forgiveness and social well-being and lower aggression than narcissistic individuals and people with social phobia. According to the research results, exhibiting educational workshops and considering therapeutic techniques in psychological interventions is recommended for inhancing forgiveness and social well-being and decreasing aggression in narcissistic individuals and people with social phobia.
Volume 8, Issue 30 , September 2018, , Pages 111-131
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to compare the psychological capital and social interaction in residential complexes with and without physical characteristics. Method: The research method is causal-comparative and its statistical population consists of 439 households living in 4 residential complexes ...
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Introduction: This study aims to compare the psychological capital and social interaction in residential complexes with and without physical characteristics. Method: The research method is causal-comparative and its statistical population consists of 439 households living in 4 residential complexes located in city of Rasht; among which 186 available households were selected. The Luthans’s Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Glass’s Perception of Social Interaction Questionnaire were used to collect and analyze the data. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of variance) were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between residents of complexes with and without physical characteristics regarding the dimensions of psychological capital and social interaction. 11.8 and 43.3 percent of the variance related to the difference between the two groups, respectively, is due to the variables of psychological capital and social interaction. Mean scores of self-efficacy, hopefulness, as well as negative social interaction components were higher in residents of complexes with physical characteristics compared to complexes without physical characteristics. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be stated that the dimensions of psychological capital and social interaction are influenced by the features of the proper physical environment, and the physical environment can be used as an indicator for explaining the positive behavior pattern and the development of positive psychological status in residents of residential complexes.
mehdi dehestsni; Maryam Ebrahimi; Seyedeh Zohreh Aboohashemi Moghaddam
Volume 9, Issue 36 , March 2020, , Pages 115-128
Abstract
Students play a crucial role in the future of our country, so it is very important to have an attention about their cognitive and personal characteristics. The aim of this study was to predict the interpersonal communication skills of students based on their emotional maturity and social anxiety. The ...
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Students play a crucial role in the future of our country, so it is very important to have an attention about their cognitive and personal characteristics. The aim of this study was to predict the interpersonal communication skills of students based on their emotional maturity and social anxiety. The research method was correlation. The statistical population of this study was midwifery high school students in the first course of the city of Miandoab in the academic year 97. For sampling, 60 students were selected using random sampling method and interpersonal skills skill Scales (1983), emotional maturity (1991) and social anxiety (1999) were distributed among them. For data analysis, regression and correlation were used. The findings of the research showed that the relationship between emotional maturity and social anxiety with interpersonal communication skill is significant. Also, based on the findings, it can be concluded that by enhancing emotional maturity and social anxiety, interpersonal communication skills can be strengthened in students.
Hamidreza Nezam
Volume 8, Issue 29 , December 2019, , Pages 117-131
Abstract
This research aimed the Developing empathy skills program based on social cognition and study of it`s effectiveness on prosocial behavior in airport service staff. This research is a kind of semi experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The research population ...
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This research aimed the Developing empathy skills program based on social cognition and study of it`s effectiveness on prosocial behavior in airport service staff. This research is a kind of semi experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The research population consisted of all Airport Services staff of Iran Air employed at Mehrabad Airport in Tehran. 24 persons of cargo service purposefully were divided into two experimental and control groups. Then prosocial personality questionnaire (pbs) was performed on both groups. The experimental group received empathy skills in eight sixty-minute session. While members of the control group received no training. Data analysis showed that the experimental group compared with the control group after the meetings, found a significant increase in prosocial behavior (α=0.05). Finally, the findings showed that empathy skills training program based on social cognition could be used as an effective therapeutic-intervention program to improve prosocial behaviors in airport services staff.
amir qorbanpoorlafmejani; Morteza Yaghouti; Sajjad Rezaei
Volume 9, Issue 34 , September 2019, , Pages 119-140
Abstract
Introduction: Purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of social support in the relationship between hardiness and sense of coherence with quality of life in 2017. Methods: In a correlation study, 116 employees of Musa ibn Ja'far and Army hospitals in Quchan were randomly selected ...
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Introduction: Purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of social support in the relationship between hardiness and sense of coherence with quality of life in 2017. Methods: In a correlation study, 116 employees of Musa ibn Ja'far and Army hospitals in Quchan were randomly selected and responded to WHO Quality of Life (1998), Antonovsky's sense of coherence (1987), Kobasa Hardiness (1979) and perceived social support questionnaires (1988). Data were processed through Mediated Hierarchical regression analysis by means of Baron and Kenny (1986) methods and using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Findings Shown that hardiness and sense of coherence are correlated with quality of life separately (P <0.01) and predict it, but with the advent of social support, the relationship between hardiness and a sense of coherence increases with quality of life. The mediating role of social support in interacting with hardiness variables (P < 0.0001, F = 39.12) and sense of coherence (P <0.0001, FF = 14.85) significantly increased the variance of life quality variable. Conclusion: Social support adds to the potency of the positive effects of hardiness and the sense of coherence on the quality of life. Therefore, implementation of management interventions in the hospital environment is recommended in order to increase the social support of the staff. The results are discussed for hospital managers.
tayebeh malmir; malek mirhashemi; nasedin kazemi haghighi; nasrin bagheri
Volume 9, Issue 33 , August 2019, , Pages 127-115
Abstract
The aim of this study was to model life satisfaction, personality traits, problem-solving styles, and Psychic tuneup in married individuals. The statistical population of this study was married people referred to the neighborhood of Tehran in 1396-97. The Klein method was used to determine the sample ...
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The aim of this study was to model life satisfaction, personality traits, problem-solving styles, and Psychic tuneup in married individuals. The statistical population of this study was married people referred to the neighborhood of Tehran in 1396-97. The Klein method was used to determine the sample size and 480 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling. To collect data, life satisfaction questionnaire Psychic tuneup, personality test and social problem solving questionnaire. For analysis of the results using the path analysis, the effects of direct and indirect variables were obtained by the AMOS program. The results of the analysis show that the psychological non-return variable has the relation between problem solving styles and life satisfaction in full, and the relation between linkage and life satisfaction. Mediates in part. The results show that levels of life satisfaction are not just a secondary phenomenon that is a product of the positive experiences of life or personality characteristics, and can be viewed interactively and globally.
Volume 6, Issue 22 , July 2016
Abstract
Introduction: This study sets out to identify and prioritize the effective qualitative factors with the aim of investigating the factors promoting satisfaction in hangouts.
Method: According to the theoretical foundations of the research, here main indicators promoting satisfaction in hangouts are presented, ...
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Introduction: This study sets out to identify and prioritize the effective qualitative factors with the aim of investigating the factors promoting satisfaction in hangouts.
Method: According to the theoretical foundations of the research, here main indicators promoting satisfaction in hangouts are presented, and then, each of the indicators are measured and evaluated by the questionnaire prepared by the authors. The statistical population included all patrons of the hangouts located in the District One of Ardabil, out of which 180 people were selected by cluster sampling method.
Results: The highlight of our findings is twofold safety and adequate facilities are of the highest priority for the respondents, and being present in the hangout has an important role in raising environmental experiences. However, the comparative analysis between the groups shows the importance of safety for women, and ease of access and communication with neighbors for men. Furthermore, adequate facilities are of higher importance for single people. Our findings reveal the importance of spatial coherence and legibility indicators for groups below 20 and over 40 years of age, in comparison to other age groups.
Conclusions: The results emphasize that appropriate design of urban hangouts is the solution to improve resident satisfaction, and it can provide appropriate context to meet the needs of different social groups.
Volume 6, Issue 23 , October 2016
Abstract
Introduction: Given the increasing importance of using the Internet and virtual networks, its impact on lifestyle, and computability of this problem with a lot of mental and behavioral disorders, the present paper aims to study social anxiety in users of social and virtual networks.
Method: This comparative ...
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Introduction: Given the increasing importance of using the Internet and virtual networks, its impact on lifestyle, and computability of this problem with a lot of mental and behavioral disorders, the present paper aims to study social anxiety in users of social and virtual networks.
Method: This comparative study was carried out on a sample of 80 girl students and 99 boy students of high schools based on the multistage random cluster sampling. Young’s Internet Addiction Scale and Conover’s Social Phobia Inventory were used for data collection. The obtained data and information were statistically analyzed by the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Results: The results showed that between internet addiction and the use of cyberspace there is a significant positive correlation(r=0/50). The results of MANOVA also indicated a significant difference between three groups of normal users, risky users, and Internet addicts in the extent of social anxiety, fear of social situations (p=0/1, f=4/73), avoidance of social situations (p=0/02, f=6/53), physiological symptoms (p=0/03, f=3/57), Social anxiety disorder (p=0/002, f=6/48).
Conclusion: These findings suggest the Internet addicts show the characteristics of people with social phobia more than normal users.
Volume 6, Issue 24 , January 2017
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the theory of mind training on empathy and bullying in children.
Method: The research design of the study was of Full-experimental type with pretest-posttest by control group. 36 preschool girls in Tehran were selected by ...
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Introduction: The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the theory of mind training on empathy and bullying in children.
Method: The research design of the study was of Full-experimental type with pretest-posttest by control group. 36 preschool girls in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling. The random sample of 18 students in the experimental group and the control group were 18 children and their mothers were taken pre-test. The meetings theory of mind were applied on experimental group and both mother groups were taken posttest. The instruments used in this study were Empathy Questioner (EQ) and Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire Revised (OB/VQ-R).Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.
Results: Results showed a significant increase in the mean scores empathy and a significant decrease in subscales of bullying (001 / ≥p) scores of the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: This study showed that theory of mind training sessions can improve empathy and reduce bullying behaviors in children. So, theory of mind on moral emotions increase and improve behavior and social skills in children is effective.
Volume 7, Issue 25 , April 2017
Abstract
Introduction: There is no consensus on the attitudinal or motivational nature of organizational commitment among researchers. This study was conducted for examining an attitudinal model of organizational commitment. The underlying model was Eagly and Chaiken (1993) attitude model.
Method: The sample ...
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Introduction: There is no consensus on the attitudinal or motivational nature of organizational commitment among researchers. This study was conducted for examining an attitudinal model of organizational commitment. The underlying model was Eagly and Chaiken (1993) attitude model.
Method: The sample consisted of 256 psychology students of Isfahan University who were selected as volunteers. The control variables namely habit, utilitarian outcomes, normative outcomes and self- identity outcome were investigated through vignette and other variables namely attitude toward target, attitude toward behavior and behavioral intention were measured by question. For statistical analysis of findings, structural equation modeling, the generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach and R software were used.
Findings: Three equivalent models introduced that their fit indexes were same but because of direction of , only one was confirmed. The results refuted the hypothesis that attitude toward stealing behavior as the mediator variable between the attitude toward target (affective commitment) and intention to steal and habit, and the revised model substituted intention by affective commitment for criterion model confirmed, utilitarian outcomes, normative outcomes and self-identity outcomes were control variables.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it was found that organizational commitment as criterion variable for attitude toward behavior via intention rout. The proposed model of Eagly and Chaiken (1993) was revised and attitude toward target was replaced to criterion variable. Managers and organizations are recommended to take serious effort for employees socialization in desired behaviors.
Volume 7, Issue 26 , July 2017
Abstract
Introduction: This research has studied the effectiveness of Adlerian psychotherapy on decreasing of feeling of inferiority and increasing of social well-being among betrayed women.
Methods: This research is of semi- experimental study with pre-test - post-test and follow-up and a control group. A total ...
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Introduction: This research has studied the effectiveness of Adlerian psychotherapy on decreasing of feeling of inferiority and increasing of social well-being among betrayed women.
Methods: This research is of semi- experimental study with pre-test - post-test and follow-up and a control group. A total of 16 betrayed women were selected in available sampling among the reffered of Mental health of Community-Based Health center and counseling Municipality Center in Tehran and randomly assigned to two experimental and control group. Experiment group was expose to Adlerian psychotherapy for 10 session. Before and after 10 Adlerian psychotherapy session, and 2 month later, the Feeling inferiority questionnaire by Bahrami and Khodaday (1391) and social well-being questionnaire by Kizz (1998) were run of both of group... Data were analyzed by ANCOVA.
Results: The results of the study shows that Adlerian psychotherapy, has decreased the feeling of inferiority and increased of social well-being among betrayed women. And comparison of arrage of pre-test and post-test score had meaningful differ.
Conclusion: According coaching results in this research, Adlerian psychotherapy could be decreasing inferiority feeling and increasing of social well-being of betrayed women, and it is suggested to be used this type of psychotherapy for most of betrayed women, in order to their psychological empowerment.
Volume 4, Issue 14 , September 2014
Susan Alizadeh Fard; Majid Saffarinia
Volume 9, Issue 36 , March 2020, , Pages 129-141
Abstract
Introduction: The corona disease epidemic and quarantine have had different effects on the social and psychological aspects of individuals. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between the anxiety and the social cohesion that caused by Coronavirus with mental health in Teheran. Method: ...
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Introduction: The corona disease epidemic and quarantine have had different effects on the social and psychological aspects of individuals. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between the anxiety and the social cohesion that caused by Coronavirus with mental health in Teheran. Method: For this purpose, a sample of 618 men and women adults evaluated by GHQ-12 Inventory, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour, 2020), and social cohesion (based on wellbeing questionnaire of Keys and Shapiro, 2004) through online recall and via social network. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis was used. Results: The results showed anxiety and social cohesion that caused by Coronavirus had meaningful statistical correlation with mental health. Also mental health could be predicted positively by social cohesion, negatively by anxiety. Conclusion: These results indicated the positive and negative psychological and social effects of quarantine, and had practical implications in the development of crisis interventions at the time of the Corona disease outbreak.
Volume 4, Issue 14 , September 2014
Volume 4, Issue 14 , September 2014
Volume 4, Issue 14 , September 2014
Homira Alvandi; Helen Sedigh
Abstract
Introduction: Human life is composed of a set of positive and negative beliefs that play a vital role in the advancement of life.Thus, the purpose of this study was to predict social wellbeing and social trust through belief in a just world. Method: The present study was a descriptive-analytic study ...
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Introduction: Human life is composed of a set of positive and negative beliefs that play a vital role in the advancement of life.Thus, the purpose of this study was to predict social wellbeing and social trust through belief in a just world. Method: The present study was a descriptive-analytic study of correlation type. The population of the study was the people referring to counseling clinics in Tehran. The sample consisted of 100 people who were selected randomly. To collect data, questionnaires were used to question the beliefs of the just world: Satun & Douglas (2005),Keys social welfare (1998), and social trust of Safarinia and Sharif (1392). Data were analyzed by correlation and regression analysis using SPSS23 software.. Results: The results showed a positive and significant relationship between belief in just world and social wellbeing (r =0.46, p < 0.01). But there is no significant correlation between belief in justly world and social trust. Moreover, the results showed that belief in just world explained 27 percent of social wellbeing changes. Conclusion: Using the results we can conclude People's beliefs about the world can be effective in providing their health and wellbeing.
Sima-Sadat Korsavi; Majid Sadoughi Sadoughi
Abstract
Introduction: Bullying at school is a type of interpersonal violence that could have serious short-term and long-term consequences for both the bullying and the victimized students. Therefore, it is essential to identify the underlying causes. The present study aimed to explore the relationship ...
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Introduction: Bullying at school is a type of interpersonal violence that could have serious short-term and long-term consequences for both the bullying and the victimized students. Therefore, it is essential to identify the underlying causes. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between social behavior, social preference, social competence, and bullying behaviors among students by considering the moderating role of gender.. Method: This study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all 13-15-year old students in Kashan. Using cluster sampling, 414 students (202 females & 212 males) were chosen. The participants filled in Illinois Bullying Scale (2001), Warden & Mackinnon Social Behavior Questionnaire (2003), and Smart and Sanson Social Competence Questionnaire (2003), and Sociogram. Results: Pearson correlation coefficients showed that there are significant, negative relationships between bullying with social competence and social behavior and positive correlation between bullying and social rejection. There was no relationship between bullying and social acceptance. Moreover, regression analysis indicates that gender (β=.17, t=4.11), social behavior (β=-0.43, t=-9.0), and social rejection (β=.11, t=2.65) can predict 30% of the variance in the bullying behavior. Furthermore, gender has a moderating role only in the relationship between social rejection and social behavior with bullying behavior. Conclusion: The results suggest the critical importance of competence, social behavior, and social preference in causing bullying behaviors. Hence, bullying behaviors could be decreased by designing and implementing programs to teach social behavior for obtaining a desirable social position among peers and especially reducing social rejection and enhancing social behaviors among male students.